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Guide

ACP vs UCP — what’s the difference in agentic commerce?

Short answer: ACP (Agentic Commerce Protocol) is how assistants like ChatGPT complete instant checkout with participating merchants, backed by OpenAI and Stripe. UCP (Universal Commerce Protocol) is how agents discover products and negotiate checkout with merchants on an open catalog standard, co-developed by Shopify and Google.

They solve different layers of the same problem. Neither is a neutral ranking layer across every merchant, rail, and carrier — that is where Conduit sits.

Side by side

Both are open standards for agentic commerce. The useful distinction is where each one shows up and what it standardizes.

DimensionBacked by
ACPOpenAI + Stripe
UCPShopify + Google
DimensionPrimary surface
ACPInside AI assistants (e.g. ChatGPT Instant Checkout)
UCPMerchant catalogs + agent checkout handshakes
DimensionFocus
ACPProduct feeds + checkout an assistant can complete
UCPNormalized product, cart, and capability negotiation
DimensionPayment posture
ACPTied to the assistant’s checkout / processor path
UCPMerchant-declared capabilities; rails vary by shop
DimensionBest mental model
ACPBuy inside the chat
UCPTalk to many merchants in one schema

Where each wins

ACP wins when the buyer is already in an assistant and a merchant has opted into that assistant’s instant-checkout program. Friction drops: the human (or agent surface) never leaves the chat to finish a participating purchase.

UCP wins when you need a shared language for catalog search, cart, discounts, and checkout across many merchants — not just the ones wired into one assistant. It is the broader “speak commerce” format for agents calling stores.

  • Choose ACP-shaped flows when the product is assistant-native checkout.
  • Choose UCP-shaped flows when the product is multi-merchant discovery and capability negotiation.
  • Expect both to coexist — the same agent may see ACP in one channel and UCP on the open web.

What neither solves

Protocols move data and complete handshakes. They do not decide which offer is trustworthy, whether an agent can finish checkout on a rail it actually holds, or how to compare delivery across carriers without ads.

Left alone, agentic commerce still fragments into walled gardens: approved-merchant allowlists, curated catalogs, restricted rails, and pay-for-rank. An autonomous agent should search and decide across supply on the merits — not inside one gatekeeper’s channel.

  • Cross-merchant ranking on price × execution-readiness × reliability × reputation
  • Outcome-calibrated “can this checkout actually close?” scoring
  • Multi-rail routing (x402, COD, card handoff) under one identity
  • Spend mandates that travel with the agent, not only with one assistant

How Conduit uses both

Conduit is the neutral hub above the protocols. We adopt UCP as a normalized input, ride ACP as one discovery and checkout path among many, and keep reputation and execution scoring cross-platform.

One agent keypair becomes every handshake. Your agent searches thousands of merchants at once, sees stated-vs-observed delivery, and either pays under an approved mandate or hands off a ready cart — without a fee between agent and merchant.

See the protocol layer on the homepage, or connect MCP and try it with Cursor, Claude Code, or Codex.

Frequently asked questions

Which protocols power agentic commerce?
The main open standards are UCP (Universal Commerce Protocol, by Shopify and Google), ACP (Agentic Commerce Protocol, by OpenAI and Stripe), and MCP (Model Context Protocol, by Anthropic) for data and tools, plus AP2 and x402 for agent payments and A2A/A2CN for agent-to-agent negotiation. Conduit speaks all of them so an agent needs only one identity.
How is Conduit different from Amazon, Shopify, or a Google shopping garden?
Those are walled gardens: approved-merchant allowlists, curated catalogs, restricted rails, pay-for-rank, and per-transaction fees, all controlled by one giant. Conduit is neutral ground — every merchant, every payable rail, every carrier, ranked purely on the merits, with no fee between agent and merchant and no allowlist.
What is UCP (Universal Commerce Protocol)?
UCP is an open standard, co-developed by Shopify and Google and launched in 2026, that lets AI agents discover products, negotiate capabilities, and complete checkout with any participating merchant. Conduit adopts UCP as one normalized input while keeping reputation and execution scoring neutral and cross-platform.
What is ACP (Agentic Commerce Protocol)?
ACP is an open standard from OpenAI and Stripe that powers instant checkout inside AI assistants like ChatGPT. Conduit rides ACP as one discovery and checkout path among many, so an agent is never locked to a single assistant or payment processor.